BENZENE

UN Number: 1114 - CAS Number: 71-43-2

Also known as: 6-ANNULENE, BENZINE (T), BENZOL, BENZOL (T), BENZOLE (T), BENZOLENE, BICARBURET OF HYDROGEN, CARBON OIL, COAL NAPHTA (T), CYCLOHEXATRIENE (trace 1), CYCLOHEXATRIENE (trace 2), Coal Naphtha, Cyclohexatriene, Phenyl Hydride, (6)Annulene, Benzole, Pyrobenzol, Pyrobenzole, Benzene

Information on chemical

External resources

CAMEO Chemical Database
WISER Substance List

Description

UN number	1114
CAS number	71-43-2
Formula	C₆H₆

Physical chemical data

Physical State (20°C)

Liquid

Physical State (25°C)

Liquid

Density (kg/m3)

879 [Kg/m³] at a temperature of 20°C

Kinematic viscosity (cSt)

0.74 [cSt] at a temperature of 20°C

0.69 [cSt] at a temperature of 25°C

Molar mass (g/mol)

78.11

Density of gas (kg/m3)

3.483

Solubility (g/L)

1780 [g/L] at a temperature of 20°C and salinity of 0‰

1800 [g/L] at a temperature of 25°C and salinity of 0‰

1360 [g/L] at a temperature of 25°C and salinity of 35‰

Boiling Point (°C)

80.3

Melting Point (°C)

5.5

Critical molar volume (m³/mol)

0.000265

Critical temperature (°C)

562.05

Critical pressure (Pa)

4895000

Surface tension (mN/m)

28.9 [mN/m] at a temperature of 20°C

28.22 [mN/m] at a temperature of 25°C

Interfacial tension (mN/m)

35 [mN/m] at a temperature of 20°C and salinity of 0‰

Vapour Pressure (Pa)

10130 [Pa] at a temperature of 20°C

12700 [Pa] at a temperature of 25°C

Ignition Temperature (°C)

550

Flash Point (°C)

-11

Flash Point (Pensky-Martens closed cup) (°C)

-11

Lower explosivity limit (LEL) (volume %)

1.4

Upper explosivity limit (UEL) (volume %)

Vapor enthalpy (J/Kg)

393292 [J/Kg] at a temperature of 80.1°C

433107 [J/Kg] at a temperature of 25°C

Combus enthalpy (J/Kg)

40100000

Specific heat capacity (J/(Kg·K))

1745

Combustion efficiency (%)

Mass flow rate of the combustion surface (Kg/(m²·s))

0.09

Rad fraction (%)

Henry's constant (mol/(m³·Pa))

545

Behaviour at sea

Log kow	2.13
Log koc	1.85
Aqueous photolysis (Half-life)	Not photolysable
Biodegradation in estuary environment (Half-life) (days)	Not hydrolysable
Biodegradation in marine environment (Half-life) (days)	50
Bioconcentration factor (BCF)	11

Additional data

Colour

colourless

Odour

gasoline odour

MARPOL pollution category

Category	Description
Y	Noxious Liquid Substances which, if discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or deballasting operations, are deemed to present a hazard to either marine resources or human health or cause harm to amenities or other legitimate uses of the sea and therefore justify a limitation on the quality and quantity of the discharge into the marine environment.

Transportation data

Transport mode	Bulk,Packaged
Package group	II
Cargo group	32
State	liquid
Temperature (°C)	ambient
Pressure (Pa)	under pressure
Family name	aromatic hydrocarbons
IMO class	3.2

Reactivity data

Acid(s)	Yes
Static electricity	No
Oxidizing agents	Yes

GESAMP Hazard profile

Bioaccumulation in logPow (A1A)	2 - ≥2 and <3
Bioaccumulation in BCF (A1B)	1 - ≥1 and <10
Bioaccumulation (A1)	1 - Very low potential to bioaccumulate
Biodegradation (A2)	R - Readily biodegradable
Acute aquatic toxicity (B1) (LC/EC/IC50 (mg/l))	2 - Slightly toxic
Acute mammalian toxicity by swallowing (C1) (LD50 (mg/kg))	1 - Slight
Acute mammalian toxicity by skin penetration (C2) (LD50 (mg/kg))	0 - Negligible
Acute mammalian toxicity by inhalation (C3) (LC50 (mg/l))	0 - Negligible
Skin irritation/corrosivity (D1)	2 - Irritating
Eye irritation/corrosivity (D2)	2 - Irritating
Interference with coastal amenities (E2)	E - Evaporator
Effects on wildlife and bottom habitats (E3)	3 - Is highly acutely toxic; and/or is severely irritant or corrosive to skin or eyes; and/or is carcinogenic, mutagenic or reprotoxic; and/or is a floater or persistent floater with associated health effects

Human toxicity threshold

IDHL

3000

Hazard statements

Physical

H225	Highly flammable liquid and vapour.

Health

H304	May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.
H315	Causes skin irritation.
H319	Causes serious eye irritation.
H340	May cause genetic defects. Exposure cause the hazard:
H350	May cause cancer.
H372	Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure, exposure cause the hazard:

Precautionary statements

Prevention

P202	Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P210	Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. No smoking.
P243	Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P280	Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

Response

P301 + P310	IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P303 + P361 + P353	IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.
P331	Do NOT induce vomiting.

ERPG-1 (ppm)

ERPG-2 (ppm)

150

ERPG-3 (ppm)

1000

Ecotoxicity

Lowest median lethal concentration (LC50) on algae (mg/l)

Lowest median lethal concentration (LC50) on crustacean (mg/l)

Lowest median lethal concentration (LC50) on fishes (mg/l)

4.9

Highest no observed effect concentration (NOEC) on algae (mg/l)

9.6

Highest no observed effect concentration (NOEC) on crustacean (mg/l)

Highest no observed effect concentration (NOEC) on fishes (mg/l)

0.8

Assessment factor (AF)

100 on the Short term

100 on the Long term

Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) (µg/l)

49 [µg/l] on the Short term

8 [µg/l] on the Long term

Incident reports

Year	Vessel	Location	Cargo type
1997	Barge	Mississipi River, USA	Bulk

Emergency Response Guidebook

Guide number: 130

See the guide or download the emergency response guidebook

At sea emergency guide

Emergency schedule: 3-03

1 CLASS 3.1
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, FLASHPOINT BELOW -18°C Closed Cup., TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE; IMMISCIBLE WITH WATER
2 CLASS 3.2
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, FLASHPOINT BETWEEN -18°C AND 23°C Closed Cup., TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE; IMMISCIBLE WITH WATER
3 CLASS 3.3
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, FLASHPOINT BETWEEN 23°C AND 61°C Closed Cup., TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE; IMMISCIBLE WITH WATER

Emergency procedures

Action

Avoid all sources of ignition (e.g. naked lights, unprotected light bulbs, electric handtools).
Turn ship off-wind.

Spillage on deck

Wash spillage overboard with copious quantities of water.

Spillage under deck

Provide adequate ventilation. Collect spillage, where practicable, using absorbent material, for safe disposal.

Fire on deck

Use water spray, foam or dry chemical. Do NOT use water jet. If possible remove receptacles likely to be involved or keep them cool with copious quantities of water.

Fire under deck

Batten down; use ship's fixed fire-fighting installation. Otherwise adopt action as for "On deck".

Special equipment to be carried

Protective clothing (gloves, boots, coveralls, headgear).
Self-contained breathing apparatus.
Spray nozzles.

Decision trees

Flammable

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No decision trees available

No additional data