TOLUENE

UN Number: 1294 - CAS Number: 108-88-3

Also known as: ANTISAL LA, BENZENE METHYL, Methylbenzene, Methylbenzol, Phenylmethane, Toluol, Toluene

Information on chemical

External resources

CAMEO Chemical Database
WISER Substance List

Description

UN number	1294
CAS number	108-88-3
Formula	C₇H₈

Physical chemical data

Physical State (20°C)

Liquid

Physical State (25°C)

Liquid

Density (kg/m3)

867 [Kg/m³] at a temperature of 20°C

                                                                
                                                                    880.9 [Kg/m³]
                                                                    at a temperature of
                                                                    5°C

                                                                
                                                                    875.7 [Kg/m³]
                                                                    at a temperature of
                                                                    10°C

                                                                
                                                                    868.3 [Kg/m³]
                                                                    at a temperature of
                                                                    20°C

Kinematic viscosity (cSt)

0.68 [cSt] at a temperature of 20°C

0.64 [cSt] at a temperature of 25°C

                                                                
                                                                    2.2477 [cSt]
                                                                    at a temperature of
                                                                    5°C

                                                                
                                                                    2.0669 [cSt]
                                                                    at a temperature of
                                                                    10°C

                                                                
                                                                    2.0845 [cSt]
                                                                    at a temperature of
                                                                    20°C

Molar mass (g/mol)

92.14

Density of gas (kg/m3)

4.1

Solubility (g/L)

515 [g/L] at a temperature of 20°C and salinity of 0‰

535 [g/L] at a temperature of 25°C and salinity of 0‰

387 [g/L] at a temperature of 25°C and salinity of 35‰

                                                                
                                                                    160 [g/L]
                                                                    at a temperature of
                                                                    20°C
                                                                    and salinity of
                                                                    0‰
                                                                
                                                            

                                                                
                                                                    150 [g/L]
                                                                    at a temperature of
                                                                    20°C
                                                                    and salinity of
                                                                    5‰
                                                                
                                                            

                                                                
                                                                    110 [g/L]
                                                                    at a temperature of
                                                                    20°C
                                                                    and salinity of
                                                                    30‰
                                                                
                                                            

Boiling Point (°C)

110.8

Melting Point (°C)

-95

Surface tension (mN/m)

28.52 [mN/m] at a temperature of 20°C

27.93 [mN/m] at a temperature of 25°C

                                                                
                                                                    29.8 [mN/m]
                                                                    at a temperature of
                                                                    5.6°C

                                                                
                                                                    28.66 [mN/m]
                                                                    at a temperature of
                                                                    11.6°C

                                                                
                                                                    28.01 [mN/m]
                                                                    at a temperature of
                                                                    18.1°C

Interfacial tension (mN/m)

36.1 [mN/m] at a temperature of 25°C and salinity of 0‰

Vapour Pressure (Pa)

2932 [Pa] at a temperature of 20°C

3800 [Pa] at a temperature of 25°C

Ignition Temperature (°C)

535

Flash Point (Pensky-Martens closed cup) (°C)

Flash Point (Cleveland open cup) (°C)

12.8

Lower explosivity limit (LEL) (volume %)

1.27

Upper explosivity limit (UEL) (volume %)

7.1

Vapor enthalpy (J/Kg)

360065 [J/Kg] at a temperature of 110.6°C

412480 [J/Kg] at a temperature of 25°C

Combus enthalpy (J/Kg)

40500000

Specific heat capacity (J/(Kg·K))

1707

Combustion efficiency (%)

Mass flow rate of the combustion surface (Kg/(m²·s))

0.11

Rad fraction (%)

Henry's constant (mol/(m³·Pa))

673

Behaviour at sea

Persistence (days)	1.6
Log kow	2.65
Log koc	2.25
Aqueous photolysis (Half-life)	Not photolysable
Biodegradation in estuary environment (Half-life) (days)	Not hydrolysable
Biodegradation in marine environment (Half-life) (days)	30
Bioconcentration factor (BCF)	90

Additional data

Colour

colourless

Odour

irritating odour

MARPOL pollution category

Category	Description
Y	Noxious Liquid Substances which, if discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or deballasting operations, are deemed to present a hazard to either marine resources or human health or cause harm to amenities or other legitimate uses of the sea and therefore justify a limitation on the quality and quantity of the discharge into the marine environment.

Standard behavior classification

Transportation data

Transport mode	Bulk,Packaged
Package group	II
Cargo group	32
State	liquid
Temperature (°C)	ambient
Pressure (Pa)	ambient
Family name	aromatic hydrocarbons
IMO class	3.2

Reactivity data

Acid(s)	Yes
Static electricity	Yes
Oxidizing agents	Yes

GESAMP Hazard profile

Bioaccumulation in logPow (A1A)	2 - ≥2 and <3
Bioaccumulation in BCF (A1B)	2 - ≥10 and <100
Bioaccumulation (A1)	2 - Low potential to bioaccumulate
Biodegradation (A2)	R - Readily biodegradable
Acute aquatic toxicity (B1) (LC/EC/IC50 (mg/l))	3 - Moderately toxic
Chronic aquatic toxicity (B2) (NOEC (mg/l))	0 - Negligible
Acute mammalian toxicity by swallowing (C1) (LD50 (mg/kg))	0 - Negligible
Acute mammalian toxicity by skin penetration (C2) (LD50 (mg/kg))	0 - Negligible
Acute mammalian toxicity by inhalation (C3) (LC50 (mg/l))	0 - Negligible
Skin irritation/corrosivity (D1)	2 - Irritating
Eye irritation/corrosivity (D2)	2 - Irritating
Interference with coastal amenities (E2)	E - Evaporator
Effects on wildlife and bottom habitats (E3)	3 - Is highly acutely toxic; and/or is severely irritant or corrosive to skin or eyes; and/or is carcinogenic, mutagenic or reprotoxic; and/or is a floater or persistent floater with associated health effects

Human toxicity threshold

IDHL

2000

Hazard statements

Physical

H225	Highly flammable liquid and vapour.

Health

H304	May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.
H315	Causes skin irritation.
H336	May cause drowsiness or dizziness.
H361	Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.
H373	May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure, exposure cause the hazard:

Precautionary statements

Prevention

P202	Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P210	Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. No smoking.
P243	Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P260	Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P280	Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

Response

P301 + P310	IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P303 + P361 + P353	IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.
P304 + P340	IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P308 + P313	IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.
P331	Do NOT induce vomiting.

TLV-TWA

100

ERPG-1 (ppm)

ERPG-2 (ppm)

300

ERPG-3 (ppm)

1000

Ecotoxicity

Lowest median lethal concentration (LC50) on algae (mg/l)

9.4

Lowest median lethal concentration (LC50) on crustacean (mg/l)

3.5

Lowest median lethal concentration (LC50) on fishes (mg/l)

5.4

Highest no observed effect concentration (NOEC) on algae (mg/l)

1.2

Highest no observed effect concentration (NOEC) on crustacean (mg/l)

0.74

Highest no observed effect concentration (NOEC) on fishes (mg/l)

1.4

Assessment factor (AF)

100 on the Short term

100 on the Long term

Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) (µg/l)

35 [µg/l] on the Short term

7.4 [µg/l] on the Long term

Incident reports

Year	Vessel	Location	Cargo type
1985	Ariadne	Mogadishu, Somalia	Package

Emergency Response Guidebook

Guide number: 130

See the guide or download the emergency response guidebook

At sea emergency guide

Emergency schedule: 3-07

1 CLASS 3.1
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, FLASHPOINT BELOW -18°C Closed Cup; NOT COVERED BY OTHER SCHEDULES; IMMISCIBLE WITH WATER.
2 CLASS 3.2
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, FLASHPOINT BETWEEN -18°C AND 23°C Closed Cup; NOT COVERED BY OTHER SCHEDULES; IMMISCIBLE WITH WATER.
3 CLASS 3.3
FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS, FLASHPOINT BETWEEN 23°C AND 61°C Closed Cup; NOT COVERED BY OTHER SCHEDULES; IMMISCIBLE WITH WATER.

Emergency procedures

Action

Avoid all sources of ignition (e.g. naked lights, unprotected light bulbs, electric handtools).

Spillage on deck

Wash spillage overboard with copious quantities of water.

Spillage under deck

Provide adequate ventilation. Collect spillage, where practicable, using absorbent material, for safe disposal.

Fire on deck

Use water spray, foam or dry chemical. Do NOT use water jet. If possible remove receptacles likely to be involved or keep them cool with copious quantities of water.

Fire under deck

Batten down; use ship's fixed fire-fighting installation. Otherwise adopt action as for "On deck".

Special equipment to be carried

Protective gloves and boots.
Self-contained breathing apparatus.
Spray nozzles.

Remarks by UN no.

2-ETHYLBUTYL ACETATE (UN No. 1177)
Self-contained breathing apparatus not necessary - use goggles for eye protection.

ISOPROPYL NITRATE (UN No. 1222)
In fire, explosion hazard.

PINE OIL (UN No. 1272)
Self-contained breathing apparatus not necessary - use goggles for eye protection.

ZIRCONIUM SUSPENDED IN A FLAMMABLE LIQUID (UN No. 1308)
Spillage is liable to self-ignition. Use water spray from as many hoses as possible from as far away as practicable.

normal-PROPYL NITRATE (UN No. 1865)
In fire, explosion hazard.

CYCLOPENTANOL (UN No. 2244)
normal-UNDECANE (UN No. 2330)
Self-contained breathing apparatus not necessary - use goggles for eye protection.

3-BROMOPROPYNE (UN No. 2345)
In fire, explosion hazard. Fight fire from a protected position.

TETRAMETHYLSILANE (UN No. 2749)
Possible self-ignition at ambient temperatures.

ELEVATED TEMPERATURE LIQUID, FLAMMABLE, N.O.S. (UN No. 3256), with
flashpoint above 61°C c.c., at or above its flashpoint .
Spilled liquid may be very hot and remain above its flashpoint for some time after spillage.

Decision trees

Flammable

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